Ernestine Bryant cares for adults with disabilities, and she recently received her first pay raise in five years: She now makes $9.50 an hour, up from $9 an hour.
A direct service provider in Tifton, Georgia, Ms. Bryant is living paycheck to paycheck and considering leaving the field for a higher-paying job.
“I love what I do and I don’t want to leave, but I also got to live,” she said.
As an employee of Diversified Enterprises, Ms. Bryant has remained a direct service provider (DSP) longer than many, laboring in a field with a high turnover rate and an ongoing shortage of workers.
An estimated 8.2 million new direct care workers will be needed between 2018 and 2028 due to turnover and job growth projections, according to Joseph Macbeth, president and CEO of the National Alliance for Direct Support Professionals Inc.
“The question should be, Where are they going to come from and how are we going to keep them?” Mr. Macbeth said.
There are about 1.4 million DSPs who aid people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the U.S. Mr. Macbeth said the industry has an average turnover rate of about 43%, meaning that 600,000 professionals leave their jobs each year, based on data from the National Core Indicators Staff Stability Report.
The cost of replacing a DSP ranges between $2,413 and $5,200, totaling more than $2 billion each year, he noted.
Dr. Craig Escude, president of IntellectAbility, which provides resources and training to agencies that support people with disabilities, said the pandemic has affected the turnover rate. Some workers or their relatives have become ill, forcing the DSPs to leave their jobs.
“There’s also a lot of fear in this field as well because, if staffing is short and, let’s say, you are working in a home and it comes to the end of your shift and there’s no one else to fill that shift, you may be asked or required to stay there longer. So you might be having to work a double shift or even a triple shift,” Dr. Escude said.
Many states have reported being so short-staffed that some DSPs are bringing clients to emergency rooms because they cannot provide services and care for them, he added.
Since the coronavirus pandemic began, half of U.S. states have reported permanent closures of providers of Medicaid home and community-based service providers, Disability Scoop reported Friday, citing an August report from the Kaiser Family Foundation.
The survey, which included responses from service providers in 41 states through mid-July, found that 25 states reported at least one provider had permanently shuttered its doors.
Direct service providers’ low wages factor into decisions about leaving the field.
Median hourly wages for DSPs providing in-home support range from $11.50 to $11.90, according to Mr. Macbeth, citing data from the National Core Indicators Staff Stability Report. DSPs providing non-residential support receive a median hourly pay of $12.50.
Diane Wilush, president and CEO of United Cerebral Palsy of Georgia and United Cerebral Palsy of South Carolina, said her organizations are facing an “epic shortage” of DSPs, describing it as the worst she’s seen in four decades.
“It’s never been this bad,” she said, noting a turnover rate of 50%.
The organizations, which provide in-home care and residential services for people with disabilities, have budgeted to have two DSP staff for every four individuals in a group home. But Ms. Wilush said they can staff only one DSP at most places because they don’t have enough workers.
“We don’t have the people,” she said. “It’s a very complex job that has always been undervalued.”
The DSP shortage affects people who receive in-home care, support in residential settings and help with daytime activities, Ms. Wilush noted.
In addition, more than 472,900 individuals were on states’ waiting lists for home and community-based services, according to the Case for Inclusion 2020 report, a collection of data and policy recommendations about Medicaid programs for people with disabilities.
United Cerebral Palsy (UCP) of South Carolina can have a workforce of 165 staff, but currently has 24 DSP vacancies, Ms. Wilush said. Meanwhile, the Georgia counterpart can have a workforce of about 455 staff, but has 94 DSP positions open.
“It’s a crisis that is growing every day,” Ms. Wilush said. “It’s an incredible situation that we can’t figure out the answer to.”
Two UCP homes in South Carolina are competing with manufacturers in the hunt for employees. Ms. Wilush said UCP can’t compete with manufacturing wages, adding that the organization is considering closing the two homes for lack of staff.
DSP turnover rates ranged from a low of 24.4% in the District of Columbia to a high of 68.8% in Nebraska, according to the Case for Inclusion 2020 report.
Due to the chronic turnover, Ms. Wilush said DSP organizations are unable to provide the highest quality of care and services. She noted that it takes time for clients to build relationships with their caretakers and for DSPs to get a good sense of those they care for.
Ms. Bryant, the direct service provider in Georgia, said she has known her clients for at least a couple of years and has grown close to them. She said she would consider staying to work as a DSP if the job paid more.
“Nine, 10 dollars, 11 dollars an hour for the job that we do — I don’t think that’s good enough because it’s not an easy job,” she said. “You’re caring for someone, especially for some individuals where you have got to do everything for them.”
“You love doing a job and you have gotten so involved in that program with the individuals that you support, and they’re just like a family to you. And they have known you for so many years, and all of a sudden you have to leave because the pay is not good enough for the hard work that you do,” Ms. Bryant said. “And then they’ve got to hire someone else to replace anybody that’s leaving and they’ve got to start all over again.”
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